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160 국방연구 제51권 제2호 The Establishment of a Peace Regime on the Korean Peninsula and the Future of the ROK-US Alliance Lee, In Ho Key Words Peace Regime on the Korean Peninsula, United Nations Command, Wartime Operational Control, ROK-US Combined Defense System The February 13 Agreement of 2007 is aimed at resolving North Korea’s nuclear issues, improving Pyongyang’s relation with Washington and Tokyo, and simultaneously transforming the armistice regime into a peace regime on the Korean peninsula. In particular, speedy amelioration of North Korea’s relations with the U.S. and Japan may lead to the collapse of the Cold-War structure and the formation of a new paradigm in East Asia including the Korean peninsula. In the event discussions on the Korean peace regime are activated by changes in the international situation, a number of tasks regarding the security of the Korean peninsula and restoration of the ROK-US alliance would emerge. If there is a successful change from an armistice system to a peace regime on the Korean peninsula, military tensions are expected to be substantially reduced in the future. In such circumstance, changes to the structure of United Nations Command and ROK-US Combined Forces Command are inevitable. Also, discussions on the problems of withdrawal of the United States Forces Korea and the ROK-US alliance would be raised. In that sense, it is necessary to review the primary issues of the ROK-US alliance, including a declaration to the end of the Korean War and sign a peace treaty.